Union Pacific’s Transcontinental Train of 1946
Due
to greatly increased patronage, particularly regarding military and
supply personnel, World War II passenger train schedules were generally
lengthened to allow more time for heavy passenger loading and car
switching operations. After the end of hostilities, effective June 2,
1946, the wartime train schedules reverted to their pre-war times, or, in
many cases, the schedules were reduced well beyond their pre-war times.
This date is generally known as the great nationwide speed-up of
passenger train schedules.
Union Pacific was one of
several railroads that inaugurated new train services to help
accommodate the increased post-war passenger traffic; this included
unnamed train Nos. 43 and 44 running between Omaha and Los Angeles, as
well as Chicago to Los Angeles Nos. 3 and 4, the Transcontinental, also known as the Transcon.
Train No. 4 Arriving at East LA Station
Mountain-type
engine 7850 is shown arriving at the East Los Angeles station stop with
train No. 4, the eastbound Transcon, on August 5, 1946. The
locomotive's paint scheme is traditional black with a graphite smoke
box, not the Two-Tone Gray scheme introduced in 1946.
Trailing the 7850
is a typical 11-car train consisting of a heavyweight baggage-express
car, three UP Two-Tone Gray 5331-5365-series lightweight coaches, then a
pair of heavyweight dining cars (the first one running as a Coffee Shop
diner), followed by five heavyweight cars, most likely sleepers of
various floor plans. Union Pacific Railroad photo.
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The lifespan for the Transcon was relatively
short, just over five months; thus, little is known about the specific
cars assigned to the train beyond the general car types that can be
ascertained from the UP public timetables issued 6-2-46 and the monthly
Official Guide of The Railways. Passenger train photos provide a wealth
of consist information, but there are no clear photos showing the Transcon's sleeping car section at the rear. Those who study the Transcon don’t have many photos to choose from, although
the consists in the photos appear to agree with the public timetables.
The
elusive Transcon is probably best remembered for its horrific
derailment, due to excessive speed on a 40 mph curve on September 26,
1946, on the AT&SF between Oro Grande and Victorville, Calif., in
which six people were killed and 132 injured. The locomotive was UP 4-8-4 #835, the first one in the new FEF-3 class.
Ground-Level View of the Transcon Wreckage
Author
Jeff Asay covered this wreck extensively in an article published in the
Fall 2006 issue of the UP Historical Society magazine, The
Streamliner. A number of excellent photos were included in which the
paint schemes of several cars can be determined. The article also had a
detailed list of individual car numbers and names. However, the last
five cars, all sleepers, did not derail and had already been pulled back
by wrecking crews before the accident pictures were taken.
Aerial View of the Transcon Wreckage
Here's the train's specific consist, recorded on the day of the wreck:
UP 4-8-4 835 - TTG
UP Bagg-Exp 3039 - Dark Olive
UP Coach 5342 - TTG
C&NW Coach 6142 - TTG
C&NW Coach 6144 - TTG
UP Coffee Shop Diner 3605 - TTG
UP Main Diner 3690 - TTG
Pullman 6-Sec-6-DBR "Poplar Path" (NY to LA via NYC) - Pullman Green
Pulman 10-Sec-3-DBR "Villa Beautiful" (NY to LA via PRR) - PRR Tuscan Red
Pullman 12-Sec-1-DR Sleeper "St. Paul" (Wash to LA via PRR) - Pullman Green
Pullman 12-Sec-1-DR Sleeper "Ramsdell" (Ogden to LA) - Pullman Green
Pullman 10-Sec-Obs-Lounge "Monte Baldo" (Chicago to LA) Pullman Green
The incident
can be further researched through ICC Report 3025, available online
through the Library of Congress website.
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The Transcon
began service on June 2, 1946, as a through daily train between Chicago
and Los Angeles on a 49 hour, 20 minute schedule westbound, and a 48
hour, 15 minute schedule eastbound. These times were nearly 12 hours
faster than the pre-war schedule of the formerly all-Pullman Los Angeles
Limited between the same cities.
In addition to its fast
schedule, the Transcon was UP’s representative flagship train designed
to handle the newly inaugurated daily coast-to-coast sleeping car
services, which provided through cars operating the entire distance
between New York City and Los Angeles in an effort to minimize
discomfort and anxiety for passengers who would otherwise be forced to
transfer to other cars on different railroads at different stations in
Chicago.
The through New York to Los Angeles
coast-to-coast sleeping cars actually began running on March 31, 1946,
via the Los Angeles Limited, which had been combined during the war with
the San Francisco Overland Limited between Chicago and Ogden, Utah, and
with the Pony Express between Ogden and Los Angeles. However, these
sleepers were transferred to the new Transcon on June 2, 1946, along
with a newly inaugurated coast-to-coast sleeper running between
Washington, DC, and Los Angeles.
Transcon Leaving Ogden, by Emil Albrecht
Accentuated by the late afternoon sunlight, the westbound Transcon
is shown heading west on the wye at Ogden, Utah, on September 21,
1946. Scheduled to leave at 4:30 pm, the train initially pulled
directly into
Union Station, then after all station work was completed, the entire
consist was pulled backwards on Track 1 by a yard engine until the head
end was clear of the crossover switches located near the Bamberger
Railroad overhead bridge. Then the train proceeded under its own power
through several crossovers and onto the wye, where it is shown. The TTG
coaches include a C&NW car and two UP 5300s. Emil Albrecht Photo.
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One of the daily through
sleepers between NY and LA was handled east of Chicago by the New York
Central out of LaSalle Street Station, while a second daily through
sleeper was handled by the Pennsy out of Chicago Union Station. The
Washington to Los Angeles sleeper was also handled by the PRR east of
Chicago.
These coast-to-coast sleepers were all heavyweight cars that
were owned and staffed by The Pullman Company, which provided 14 cars for each of the three coast-to-coast routes
(although the Transcon operated with six consists).
It
may be surprising that these sleepers were not the new-type lightweight
cars, but the post-war passenger car deliveries were back-logged for up
to two full years, so the participating railroads had to work directly
with Pullman representatives to provide the best available cars until
which time the service could be upgraded with lightweight equipment.
Other
cars in the Transcon’s consist included three Chicago to LA 48-seat
lightweight coaches, a pair of heavyweight dining cars (one running as a
Coffee Shop diner for the coach passengers), a Salt Lake to LA
heavyweight sleeper, and a Chicago to LA heavyweight 10-section
observation- lounge car on the tail end, perhaps one of the last
open-platform cars to operate in regular service.
A
little-known operation included two Chicago to Denver cars (a coach and a
heavyweight sleeper) that were handled by the westbound Transcon to
North Platte, Nebraska, where the cars were switched into UP No. 53, the
Columbine, to Denver via Sterling. Interestingly, the eastbound cars
ran in train No. 51 from Denver to Cheyenne, where they were transferred
to the LA Limited to Chicago.
Resources used for
research include UP public timetables for June 2, 1946 (condensed and
revised), the C&NW public timetable for the same date, and the June
1946 Official Guide. Also helpful is William Kratville’s softcover
book, Passenger Car Catalog (1968). Note that small discrepancies exist
between the various sources, and cross-referencing is very important.
UP FEF 836 with the WB Transcon near Frost
Master
railroad photographer Dick Kindig recorded this exceptional photo of
the westbound Transcon on the Santa Fe ascending the grade near Frost,
Calif., heading toward the flyover in mid-1946. Santa Fe Los Angeles
Division employee timetables listed train numbers 223 (WB) and 224 (EB)
for UP train Nos. 3 and 4 to eliminate potential confusion between
trains having like or similar numbers on the Santa Fe. UP also conformed to Santa Fe
operating practice by displaying the engine number in the indicator
boxes instead of the train numbers, as was typical on the UP.
Oil-burning
FEF 836 is resplendent in its Two-Tone Gray paint scheme with “elephant
ear” smoke lifters. The 12-car consist includes a C&NW heavyweight
baggage car, then three Two-Tone Gray lightweight coaches, the first
two of which are 1942 UP 5331-5365 series cars (identified by the short
height, louvered center skirting, and lacking end skirts). The third
coach is a 1937 UP 5300-5327 series car (identified by its full center
skirting and end skirts). Following the coaches is a pair of UP
heavyweight 3600-series dining cars running kitchen-to-kitchen (the
first car as a Coffee Shop diner). Six heavyweight cars bring up the
last half of the train, all probably sleeping cars. Richard H. Kindig
photo.
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In
addition, studying the various sleeping car routes (known as Pullman
Lines) is best accomplished by utilizing the History of the Pullman
Lines books available at the Newberry Library in Chicago. These ledger
books contain a wealth of information, including Line numbers, Line
routes, dates inaugurated, dates discontinued, dates resumed, and route
mileage over each participating railroad.
In the
heavyweight sleeping car era, the car types are not well documented, and
research requires access to numerous public timetables to help unlock
the mysteries of assigned car capacities. Fortunately, the lightweight
car capacities (and oftentimes car names) are nicely recorded.
The
Pullman Company also issued several comprehensive sleeping car lists;
Descriptive List of Cars (Sep. 1, 1942), and List of Standard and
Tourist Cars (Nov. 15, 1950). These are rather hard to find but include
valuable information such as Plan and Diagram numbers, air conditioning
types, and railroad ownership (in the 1950 book only).
AT&SF
employee timetables for the Coast Lines Los Angeles Division (#127
effective 6-2-46 and #128 effective 9-29-46) were also consulted for
arrival and departure times at points along the route.
The Transcon's Consist:
Here is a specific consist recorded on June 3, 1946, when the train was new:
Using
photos for research is extremely helpful, and images published in
various books and magazine articles should be examined for any relevant
information they can provide. A good friend regularly instructed your
author that “a train can be identified by its consist,” and to this end
it will be helpful for anyone interested in the Transcon to understand
how to correctly determine what train is being pictured.
The
Transcon is often mistaken for the Utahn because they both used train
Nos. 3 and 4 at different times. If the photo has a reliable 1946
date, it is the Transcon, but any photos of Nos. 3 and 4 after May 14,
1947 depict the Utahn, which was inaugurated on that date as a
connecting train for the City of St. Louis. Also, the
Transcon normally had a single baggage-express car behind the engine,
followed by three lightweight coaches, whereas the Utahn always had four
head-end cars, including an RPO, so it is relatively easy to
differentiate the two trains.
Several trains in Donald
Duke’s book, Union Pacific in Southern California 1890-1990, have been
mis-identified. On page 59 (bottom) train No. 4 leaving LAUPT may be
the Transcon, since the Utahn usually had an RPO behind the locomotive,
but it’s hard to say for sure without a date or more of the consist
visible. On page 63, due to the four head-end cars and lack of
lightweight coaches, this train is clearly the Utahn (not the
Transcon). Note the similarity between this consist and No. 4 shown at
Spadra on page 64 (bottom), which is correctly said to be the Utahn.
On
page 94 (bottom right), No. 4 is powered by a three-unit set of FM
diesels and is obviously the Utahn. Note that the photo caption says
the “Transcontinental was sort of a milk train,” but this high-class
operation was anything but that! On page 105, No. 4 is powered by a 4500 hp set of EMD F3s, and again, it's the Utahn (not the Transcon).
The Los Angeles Limited sometimes gets
mistaken for the Transcon (or other UP trains), but the Limited
typically had a heavyweight 13-section Tourist sleeper running as a
dormitory car, either trailing the engine or just behind the
baggage-express car; if this sleeper is present, the train is not the
Transcon nor the Utahn. In Chard Walker’s book, Cajon - Rail Passage To
The Pacific, on page 41 (bottom), the train is not the eastbound
Transcon, but most likely the LA Limited due the the HW sleeping car
(dormitory) just behind the head-end car.
Transcon with 4-8-2 7859 helping 4-8-4 836 Approaching Summit
Running
as train No. 224 on the Santa Fe, the Transcon is below Summit, Calif.,
on June 21, 1946. Powered by UP helper engine 7859 and UP FEF road
engine 836, this nice down-on photo provides the opportunity to view a
typical 11-car consist ideally stretched out on a curve: a UP
Harriman-type BE car, three UP 5300-series coaches in TTG, a pair of UP
3600-series heavyweight diners in TTG (the first car running kitchen
rearward as the Coffee Shop diner for coach passengers), and five
heavyweight sleepers. Richard H. Kindig photo.
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Lastly, the
Transcon has undeservedly acquired a bit of notoriety due to various
authors stating that the train was discontinued after the wreck near Oro
Grande on 9-26-46. This is not the case, as the Transcon continued to
operate daily until November 10, 1946, when it was consolidated with the
Los Angeles Limited in a cost-saving measure. UP advertisements
announced the changes and new schedule in the Los Angeles Times and the
Ogden Standard-Examiner, for example. Also, newly-issued UP public and
employee timetables for 11-10-46 do not mention the Transcon nor Train
Nos. 3 and 4.
After just 23 weeks of service,
the coast-to-coast sleepers were transferred to the Los Angeles Limited,
and the Transcontinental became a part of history.
Notice in LA Times, Oct. 16, 1946: Changes in Trains
This UP ad announcing “Changes in Trains” ran in the Los Angeles Times newspaper on Wednesday October 16, 1946. It explained how the Transcon was to be consolidated with the LA Limited effective Sunday, Nov. 10, 1946. Note that the wreck of the Transcon on September 26, 1946, did not result in its discontinuance prior to this date.
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Motive Power
According
to what can be identified in photographs, the Transcon was powered by
UP Mountain-type 7800-class and 7850-class 4-8-2 steam engines and the larger UP 4-8-4
(FEF-2 and FEF-3) Northern-type steam locomotives, the latter of which were painted
in Two-Tone Gray colors with silver-gray stripes. The FEF-2 class were numbers 820-834, and the FEF-3 class were numbers 835-844. The steam locos pulling the train west of Cheyenne would have been oil-powered.
On the C&NW east
of Omaha, the train would have been handled by their large E-2
Pacific-type 4-6-2 steam engines or the streamlined class E-4 4-6-4
Hudsons. C&NW class H-1 4-8-4s could also be used, but they were
more likely to be used on longer, heavier passenger trains.
Diesel
locomotives could have potentially operated when being broken in after
delivery or as a result of a power transfer move, but the Transcon was almost always steam powered.
Passenger Car Paint Schemes
The following list
provides an evaluation of the paint schemes used on the Transcon
passenger equipment. Note that the sleeping cars were still
Pullman-owned at this time and were painted in Pullman Green, except for
cars running in Pennsylvania Railroad service, which were generally
painted in Pennsy Tuscan Red. All of these sleepers should have PULLMAN
on the letterboard.
UP HW Harriman-type baggage-express — UP Dark Olive.
LW
coaches (3 cars) from UP 5300-5327 or 5331-5365 or C&NW 6132-6147 —
Two Tone Gray with railroad name spelled out on the letterboard.
UP HW diners (2 cars) from series 3600 — TTG with UNION PACIFIC spelled out on the letterboard.
Pullman HW 6 Sec-6 DBR Plan 4086 sleepers assigned the NYC — Pullman Green.
Pullman HW 6 Sec-6 DBR Plan 4060 sleepers assigned the PRR — Pennsy Tuscan Red.
Pullman HW 12 Sec-1 DR (Wash to LA car) — probably Pennsy Tuscan Red.
Pullman HW 12 Sec-1 DR (Salt Lake City or Ogden car) — Pullman Green.
Pullman HW 10 Sec-Obs-Lounge — Pullman Green.
Modeling Notes for HO
UP 4-8-4 steam loco — Athearn FEF-3 (use TTG with smoke lifters).
UP 4-8-2 steam loco ---- Broadway Limited, Soho, and various brass imports
UP HW Harriman baggage-express — Southern Foundries resin model or brass import.
UP LW coach, 5300-5327 — The Coach Yard brass import.
UP LW coach, 5331-5365 — The Coach Yard brass import.
C&NW LW coach, 6132-6147 — The Coach Yard brass import.
UP HW diner — The Coach Yard brass import (Walthers HW diner is close).
Pullman HW 6 Sec-6 DBR — Oriental Limited brass import.
Pullman HW 12 Sec-1 DR — Walthers styrene or Precision Scale Co. brass import.
Pullman HW 10 Sec-Obs-Lounge — Soho brass import.
This concludes Jeff Koeller's excellent report, so thanks to Jeff !
This train came through Victorville every day, without stopping, at 7:00 A.M. going westbound to LA, and at 1:09 P.M. going eastbound to Barstow and Chicago. So, when I'm operating my layout in 1946, I should model this train (at great expense, or with stand-in cars) or avoid operating in the June though early Nov. months when it was running.
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